Othello uses many different rhetorical devices to Essays

Othello uses many different rhetorical devices to persuade and show the Venetians that he is not a threat. Othello uses his skills in rhetorical devices to show the Venetians that he isn't a treat to them. Othello starts out using an appeal to emotion or ethos by saying "Her father loved me" to help him in his persuasion by showing an emotional side. He uses an appeal to emotion to try and bring out the emotion in the Venetians, so they will side with him. Othello then uses anaphora many times by saying "Of moving accidents by flood and field, Of hairbreadth 'scrapes i' th' imminent deadly breach, Of being taken by the insolent foe" and then in the next few lines saying "And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence, And portance in my traveler's history," in order to prove his point more and draw more of their attention. Othello is using anaphora to show the Venetians what he was talking about. He then in the very next line uses imagery to talk about his travels and give the Venetians an image of where he went, to help guide them in his defense, by saying "And portance in my traveler's history, Wherein of oceans vast and deserts idle,". Othello then goes on to using personification when he says, "Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose heads touch heaven" because quarries rocks, and hills can't really touch heaven. HE says this to exaggerate and explain the scenery he saw on his travels to help prove that he isn't a threat. When Othello says "And of the cannibals that each other eat," he is using an appeal to logic or logos because it is a fact that cannibals eat each other. He uses an appeal to logic to show the Venetians that he knows they are smart and is just stating common knowledge. Othello then uses personification again by saying "She'd come again, and with a greedy ear" because ears can't really be greedy. Again Othello is just exaggerating what he knows, that when she were to come she would come with greed. He uses an appeal to emotion again by saying "And often did beguile her of her tears, When I did speak of some distressful stroke, That my youth suffered. My story being done, She gave me for my pains a world of sighs." Othello says this to try and get the Venetians to feel sympathy for him to try and sway their position on whether he is a threat or not. Othello then again uses anaphora to help his case in trying to prove that he isn't a threat by saying "She swore, in faith, 'twas strange.'twas passing strange, 'Twas pitiful, 'twas wonderous pitiful." When Othello says this he is trying to emphasize how weird and pitiful her swearing was. In this passage Othello uses many different kinds of rhetorical devices to help him prove that he isn't a threat to the Venetians.

How to Style Compounds After the Noun

How to Style Compounds After the Noun How to Style Compounds After the Noun How to Style Compounds After the Noun By Mark Nichol Most but not all phrasal adjectives (two words that combine to modify a noun hence the alternate name, compound modifiers) are hyphenated, which is confusing enough though easily resolved: If a permanent compound is listed in the dictionary as open, no hyphen is necessary; otherwise, hyphenate. But that applies only before the noun. What happens after the noun is a whole other matter: Usually, phrasal adjectives and similar (or similar-looking) constructions are left open in that position. Here’s a rundown on hyphenation rules for various types of compounds: Categories Age compound: â€Å"The eighteen-year-old (boy),† but â€Å"He is eighteen years old.† Color compound: â€Å"The sky-blue paint,† but â€Å"The paint is sky blue.† Fraction compound: â€Å"A half-mile walk,† but â€Å"a walk of a half mile.† Number, spelled out: â€Å"Fifty-one,† â€Å"five hundred,† five hundred one,† â€Å"two thousand twenty-two.† (Hyphenate tens-ones figures in isolation and in larger figures, but leave open all other combinations of places.) Number plus noun: â€Å"A five-year plan,† but a plan that will take five years†; â€Å"a four-and-a-half-inch gap,† but â€Å"a gap of four and a half inches†; â€Å"the fourth-floor office,† but â€Å"an office on the fourth floor.† Number plus superlative: â€Å"The third-tallest player,† but â€Å"a player who is third tallest.† Time: â€Å"They’re going to the eight o’clock screening† and â€Å"The meeting starts at six (o’clock)†; â€Å"I have a five-thirty plane to catch,† but â€Å"I’ll meet you at five thirty† (always open when time is on the hour, and hyphenated before the noun but open after when time is between hours). Parts of Speech Adjectival phrase: â€Å"His matter-of-fact manner,† but â€Å"His manner was matter of fact.† Adjective plus noun: â€Å"A low-class joint,† but â€Å"The joint is low class.† Adjective identifying origin or location plus noun: â€Å"An Indo-European language† and â€Å"the French-Spanish border,† but â€Å"She is a Japanese American† and â€Å"the latest Middle East crisis† (open unless the first term is a prefix or there is a sense of a distinction between the elements). Adjective plus participle or adjective: â€Å"His long-suffering wife,† but â€Å"his wife is long suffering.† Adverb ending in -ly plus participle or adjective: â€Å"Her rapidly beating heart† (always open). Adverb not ending in -ly plus participle: â€Å"The little-read novel,† but â€Å"The novel is little read.† (See â€Å"More About Adverbs,† below.) Noun phrase: â€Å"A feather in your cap,† but â€Å"He’s a jack-of-all-trades† (open unless hyphenated in the dictionary). Noun plus adjective: â€Å"The family-friendly restaurant,† but â€Å"The restaurant is family friendly.† Noun plus gerund: â€Å"A note-taking lesson,† but â€Å"a lesson in note taking.† (But beware of closed noun-plus-gerund compounds like matchmaking.) Noun plus noun, the first one modifying the second: â€Å"A tenure-track position,† but â€Å"She’s on the tenure track.† (But leave permanent compounds like â€Å"income tax† open even before a noun, and check for closed noun-plus-noun compounds like bartender.) Noun plus noun, equivalent: City-state, nurse-practitioner (always hyphenated). Noun plus letter or number: â€Å"A size 34 waist,† â€Å"the type A personality† (never hyphenated). Noun plus participle: â€Å"A problem-solving exercise,† but â€Å"time for some problem solving.† Participle plus noun: â€Å"Working-class families,† but â€Å"members of the working class.† Participle plus prepositional adverb plus noun: â€Å"Turned-up nose,† but â€Å"Her nose was turned up.† More About Adverbs When less or more modifies an adjective, such as in â€Å"a less frequent occurrence†/â€Å"an occurrence that is less frequent† or â€Å"a more qualified candidate†/â€Å"a candidate who is more qualified,† the phrase is not hyphenated either before or after a noun. The same is true of least and most unless ambiguity is possible. For example, â€Å"a lesser-known rival† is a rival who is not as well known, but â€Å"a lesser known rival,† by contrast, might be a known rival of lesser consequence. Likewise, â€Å"the most-quoted orators† and â€Å"the most quoted orators† refer, respectively, to orators most frequently quoted and a majority of quoted orators. Again, however, the hyphenated version would be left open when it follows a noun, and would likely be worded differently than its counterpart that is not hyphenated before the noun, either. Also, when an adverb that is part of a modifying phrase is modified by another adverb, as in â€Å"a very much praised debut,† the phrase is not hyphenated at all, even though a hyphen would appear in â€Å"a much-praised debut.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsAwoken or Awakened?Particular vs. Specific

Elements in the Human Body and What They Do

Elements in the Human Body and What They Do There are several ways to consider the composition of the human body, including the elements, type of molecule, or type of cells.  Most of the human body is made up of water, H2O, with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore, it isnt surprising that most of a human bodys mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Oxygen (O) - 65% - Oxygen together with hydrogen form water, which is the primary solvent found in the body and is used to regulate temperature and osmotic pressure. Oxygen is found in many key organic compounds.Carbon (C) - 18% - Carbon has four bonding sites for other atoms, which makes it the key atom for organic chemistry. Carbon chains are used to build carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins. Breaking bonds with carbon is an energy source.Hydrogen (H) - 10% - Hydrogen is found in water and in all organic molecules.Nitrogen (N) - 3% - Nitrogen is found in proteins and in the nucleic acids that make up the genetic code.Calcium (Ca) - 1.5% - Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Its used as a structural material in bones, but it is essential for protein regulation and muscle contraction.Phosphorus (P) - 1.0% - Phosphorus is found in the molecule ATP, which is the primary energy carrier in cells. Its also found in bone.Potassium (K) - 0.35% - Potassium is an im portant electrolyte. Its used to transmit nerve impulses and heartbeat regulation. Sulfur (S) - 0.25% - Two amino acids include sulfur. The bonds sulfur forms help give proteins the shape they need to perform their functions.Sodium (Na) - 0.15% - Sodium is an important electrolyte. Like potassium, it is used for nerve signaling. Sodium is one of the electrolytes that helps regulate the amount of water in the body.Chlorine (Cl) - 0.15% -  Chlorine is an important negatively-charged ion (anion) used to maintain fluid balance.Magnesium (Mg) - 0.05% - Magnesium is involved in over 300 metabolic reactions. Its used to build the structure of muscles and bones and is an important cofactor in enzymatic reactions.Iron (Fe) - 0.006% - Iron is found in hemoglobin, the molecule responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells.Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Molybdenum (Mo), Fluorine (F), Iodine (I), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co) - total less than 0.70%Lithium (Li), Strontium (Sr), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Lead (Pb), Vanadium (V), Arsenic (As), Bromine (Br) - pres ent in trace amounts Many other elements may be found in extremely small quantities. For example, the human body often contains trace amounts of thorium, uranium, samarium, tungsten, beryllium, and radium. Trace elements considered essential in humans include zinc, iodine, possibly silicon, probably boron, selenium, probably nickel, chromium, manganese, lithium, possibly arsenic, molybdenum, cobalt, and possibly vanadium. Not all of the elements found within the body are essential for life. Some are considered contaminants that appear to do no harm, but serve no known function. Examples include cesium and titanium. Others are actively toxic, including mercury, cadmium, and the radioactive elements. Arsenic is considered to be toxic to humans, but serves a function in other mammals (goats, rats, hamsters) in trace amounts. Aluminum is interesting because it is the third most common element in the Earths crust, yet serves no known function in living cells. While fluorine is used by plants to produce protective toxins, it serves no essential biological role in human beings. You may also wish to view the  elemental composition of an average human body  by mass. Sources Chang, Raymond (2007). Chemistry, 9th Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-110595-6.Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. OUP Oxford. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Frausto Da Silva, J. J. R; Williams, R. J. P (2001-08-16). The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life. ISBN 9780198508489.H. A., V. W. Rodwell; P. A. Mayes, Review of Physiological Chemistry, 16th ed., Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California 1977.Zumdahl, Steven S. and Susan A. (2000). Chemistry, 5th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 894. ISBN 0-395-98581-1. Elements in the Human Body and What They Do

Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Studies - Essay Example One of the reasons directors assemble movies from hundreds if not thousands of shots is because film cameras can hold only a limited amount of celluloid film, which is not enough for a feature-length motion picture. Importantly, narrative films compress time considerably by leaving out the boring parts of the stories. A long story could conceivably take exactly two hours to tell on film. To do this, a filmmaker is required to carve up the action into discrete shots and re-assemble them coherently to hold the audience’s visual interest.The simplest transition is the cut. A director films a shot(the basic unit of filmmaking) and has it developed. He/she films subsequent shots and have them developed as well. The director trims each shot down to the wanted length and attaches the strips of film together with a piece of tape. This implies that the director has cut from one shot to another using celluloid. The same effect can be created electronically with two shots taken in the vi deo without the need for a tape. Editing is a human activity, unlike the camera’s mechanical recording of images, editing is quite specifically a matter of active decision making the product of human choice. Cameras can only record while directors and editors cut out the unwanted parts. Other important transitions include the fade-in and fade-out; the iris-in and iris-out; the dissolve, and the wipe. However, these effects are mostly used as transitions from scene to scene or from the final shot of one scene to the first shot of the next scene.

Macro & Micro economics (Economics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro & Micro economics (Economics) - Essay Example 6 (E) If an economy is initially operating at its potential output, explain the short and long- run consequences of a permanent increase in government spending. 9 References 11 (A) Explain why perfectly competitive markets lead to an allocative efficient allocation of resources in the long run. It has often been argued that perfect competition is a market structure which results in efficient allocation of resources. Evidently, the efficient allocation of resources is achieved with due concern towards the profit-maximizing quantity of output produced by perfectly competitive firms which further leads towards price equality with respect to marginal cost. Primarily, in the long run, there exists equality between price and marginal costs at minimum efficient scale of production. In other words, an efficient allocation of resources is realised when it is not possible to enhance the society’s overall degree of satisfaction by generating more of one good and less of other goods. Cont extually, such efficiency can be achieved when the price of goods is equal to the marginal cost of production. Notably, in the long run, firms entering and exiting the industry maximizes profit where these firms generate the below illustrated long-run equilibrium: P=SRMC=LRMC=SRAC=LRAC [Note: P- Price for the good produced; SRMC-Short-run marginal cost; LRMC- Long-run marginal cost; SRAC- Short-run average cost; LRAC-Long–run average cost] Additionally, the above depicted conditions reveal that market price for a good is equal to marginal cost and average cost in both the circumstances i.e. in short-run as well as in long-run in equilibrium situation. Due to the equality in the price and the marginal cost, each firm is able to maximize their profit without making any adjustment to their output quantity. Furthermore, equality of price and average cost renders each firm in the industry to earn normal profits. In such circumstances, economic profit is zero with no economic losse s. Precisely stating, allocative efficiency is witnessed in a perfectly competitive market in the long run as the firms are determined to maximize their profits by producing quantity of output where marginal cost equals to the price and therefore leads to effective allocation of resources (AmosWEB LLC, 2013). Profit Maximizing Behaviour Result in Allocative Efficiency in the Long-Run Source: (Pearson Education Limited, 2013) (B) Explain why free markets will under-produce goods with positive externalities (e.g. vaccinations against infectious diseases). Briefly suggest how government might intervene to correct this under-provision? Positive externalities are usually related with public commodities in an economy which can be defined as the situation where the goods are valued incorrectly, i.e. the goods are purchased either at under-valued or over-valued prices owing to the failure of the free-market to accurately determine to various factors when taking decisions regarding pricing. Public goods are generally identified by their distinctive features of non-rival and non-excludability. One of the primary reasons behind the under production of such goods can be related with the emergence of free-riders. Free-riders, in the economic context, can be identified as an individual party who enjoys the direct benefits from the purchase of a public good by other parties. Notably, the primary objective of the private firm is to earn substantial profits, but wherein a problem of free-riders persist,

How to Watch Your Brother Die Essay Example for Free

How to Watch Your Brother Die Essay The poem How to Watch Your Brother Die is a clear representation of the struggles of the homosexual community and how the outside world views them. The author recreates a situation in which a man is struggling with the death of his gay brother and learns the everyday trials he faced. The poem is told in first person so the readers can see firsthand what the straight brother is thinking. It has been a long time since he exiled his brother for being gay and gets the phone call that he is dying. (2-3) He is dreading flying to California and meeting the lover. (8-9). He symbolizes the fact that he has to keep a straight face and keep the emotions out of it. (10-11) He is very uncomfortable with the sexual orientation of his brother and cannot comprehend how a man can look at another man with love. (14-17) Reality sets in and he remembers his brother and the love they had for each other before the conflict with his brothers’ sexual interest. He misses those times deeply. (18-24) He tries to relate to the lover even though he doesn’t know how. He brought up the fact that the lover was an extremely good looking man but yet all he wants to see is his reaction. At this point he is just trying to understand how a man can love another man. This is a question that has puzzled him for a while. He finally gets his answer when the lover explains that it is just like the love between a husband and a wife but deeper because the odds are greater. He still doesn’t understand. (25-39) They drive into Mexico to acquire drugs that are not legal in the U. S. This is where he finally realizes the challenges that his brother has faced. They are stopped by border control and are told they cannot bring the drugs back. As he rages with anger he thinks about his children getting used to another mans hatred. (40-52) This is the climax of the poem. Society has made it difficult for people of same sex relationships to be able to coexist in today’s world without feeling exiled. He realizes he is one of the ones that judge them. He calls his wife to update her on the status of his brothers’ health. He asks her â€Å"How could anyone’s commitment be deeper than a husband and wife? † She is disgusted by his question and does not answer. The brother slips into a coma and his time is almost up. The man is trying to stay strong and understanding as he holds the lover. He still cannot understand how a man can hold another man, as he grieves for his brother. (59-68) The funeral director tells him that he cannot embalm the body for fear of contamination. The man feels anger and hatred towards him. This symbolizes the fact that homosexuals are always covered up, having to hide per say, from showing who they really are. The man now understands what struggles his brother went through in life. As the man stands by the casket and greets the hundreds of homosexuals that pass by the show their respects. He realizes his brother’s life is much different from his own. Everything he thought was normal perhaps was not normal for everyone. As the passing lovers ask each other â€Å"Who will be next† we understand that the brother died from AIDS. (74-83) As the man is driven to the airport from the lover he finally gets the closer he needs. The lover tells him â€Å"Forgive yourself for not wanting to know him after he told you. He did†. As he found this closer he learned to accept the lover for who he was. A man who loved and took care of his brother the way he should have. (84-98) One the way home the man has a few drinks. This symbolizes the cliche of men being strong and keeping everything inside hidden. He strokes the scar on his eyebrow and smiles. He knows that his brother is in a better place and has forgiven him. He thinks of his children and not wanting to make the same mistakes with them as he did with his brother.

The Global Financial Crisis Essay -- subprime mortgages, Great Recessi

1. Introduction 1.1. Background The Financial crisis was triggered in 2006 when US housing market began to crumble as the housing price reached their highest point after years of speculative price increase; many house owners defaulted on their loans, particularly subprime mortgagers (Archarya et al., 2009). Starting in mid-2007, the outburst of US housing bubble in the subprime mortgage leads to the global financial crisis that has been often so called ‘Great Recession’ (Verick and Islam, 2010). Archarya et al. (2009) states that it is widely agreed that the fundamental cause of this global financial crisis was the credit boom and the housing bubble. While Poole (2010) argued that it is a mistake to only take subprime mortgage issue as a unique reason of the crisis. With regard to the root causes behind the subprime mortgage issue, Verick and Isalam (2010) suggested below four factors that are low interest rate allows banks to search for high yield investment with high risk such as subprime mortgage (Crouhy et al. 2008); global imbalances between US the excessive consumption by depict and China the excessive saving by surplus fuelled the housing bubble and credit boom, it is closely connected with financial crisis (Obstfeld and Rogoff, 2009); misperception the risk of the subprime mortgage defaults; loose financial regulation that failed to control the standards in the mortgage market, and this point is supported by Crotty (2009) that regulators allow banks to hold assets o ff balance sheet without capital requirement to support them. After this introductory section, section 2 discusses the impact of recession on customer behaviour; section 3 presents an analysis on how does the recession affect the companies’ profitabilit... ...une. Available at: http://www.tradewindsnews.com/weekly/w2009-06-26/article200083.ece5 (Assessed on: 30 November 2013) Vaitilingam, R., (2009). Recession Britain: Findings from Economic and Social Research. [Online] Available at: http://www.esrc.ac.uk/_images/Recession_Britain_tcm8-4598.pdf (Assessed on: 24 November 2013) UNCTAD, (2010). Review of World Maritime Transport 2010. [Online] Available at: http://unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2010ch3_en.pdf (Assessed on: 5 December 2013) Verick, S. and Islam, I., (2010). The Great Recession of 2008-2009: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses. [Online] Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1631069 (Assessed on: 21 November 2013) Yang, D., Liu, M.J. and Shi, X.N., (2011). ‘Verifying Liner Shipping Alliance’s Stability by Applying Core Theory’. Research in Transportation Economics, 32(1), pp. 15-24.

If Winter Comes Can Spring Be Far Behind? Essay

If Winter Comes Can Spring be far behind? – Essay (free to read). This is the last line of Shelley’s famous poem: â€Å"Ode to the West Wind.† The poet depicts the terrible effect of the west wind in different spheres. The line is an epitome of optimism. Though for the present the cold winter be the ruler all around, yet the very approach of winter means the impending arrival of the spring season soon after win-ter. Winter must at last come to an end. It must be followed by the colorful spring which brings colorful flowers and bird’s sweet songs. After all, the circle of seasons must continue moving unhindered. Day is followed by night and night by day. Similarly, in life every period of sorrow and despair has at last to come to end. It is followed by a period of peace, comfort and joy. We must have a firm belief in the good ¬ness of things and have a strong self-confi ¬dence. There is no occasion for feeling dis ¬mayed. â€Å"If hopes are dupes, fears may be liars.† The best attitude in life is that of an optimistic stoic. Joys and sorrows should be treated in their own stride. They should be given equal treatment. Robert Browning w- s a highly optimistic poet. He had another way of looking at things. If he ever had to face failure in life, he consoled himself by telling himself that he will get his reward or success in heaven or in the next life. One famous psychologist of France taught the men the art of auto-suggestion. He advised them to say unto themselves: â€Å"Every day in every way. I get better and better.† Auto Suggestion for a better and happier life is the great art in modern day life which modern psychology has given to us. WEB. Yeats, the famous poet of early twentieth century says, â€Å"Cast a cold eye on life, on death, Horseman passes by!† Thus, we must rest assured that our sorrows, if any, are short-lived and a period of joy awaits us.

Customer Service and Order Processors

The Human Side of Management Assignment Repairing Jobs That Fail to Satisfy Learning Goals Companies often divide up work as a way to improve efficiency, but specialisation can lead to negative consequences. DrainFlow is a company that has effectively used specialisation to reduce costs relative to its competitors’ costs for years, but rising customer complaints suggest the firm’s strong position may be slipping. After reading the case, you will suggest some ways it can create more interesting work for employees.You will also tackle the problem of finding people who are qualified and ready to perform the multiple responsibilities required in these jobs. Major Topic Areas Job design Job satisfaction Personality Emotional labour The Scenario DrainFlow is a large residential and commercial plumbing  maintenance firm that operates around the United Kingdom. It has been a major player in residential plumbing  for decades, and its familiar rhyming motto, â€Å"When  Yo ur Drain Won’t Go, Call DrainFlow,† has been plastered  on billboards since the 1940s. Leigh Reynaldo has been a regional manager at DrainFlow for about 2 years.She used to work for a newer  competing chain, Lightning Plumber, that has been  drawing more and more customers from DrainFlow. Although  her job at DrainFlow pays more, Leigh is not happy  with the way things are going. She has noticed the work environment  is not as vital or energetic as the environment  she saw at Lightning. Leigh thinks the problem is that employees are not motivated  to provide the type of customer service Lightning  Plumber employees offer. She recently sent surveys  to customers to collect information about performance,  and the data confirmed her fears.Although 60 percent  of respondents said they were satisfied with their experience  and would use DrainFlow again, 40 percent felt  their experience was not good, and 30 percent said they  would use a competi tor the next time they had a plumbing problem. Leigh is wondering whether DrainFlow’s job design  might be contributing to its problems in retaining customers. DrainFlow has about 2,000 employees in four  basic job categories: plumbers, plumber’s assistants, order  processors, and billing representatives. This structure  is designed to keep costs as low as possible.Plumbers make very high wages, whereas plumber’s assistants  make about one-quarter of what a licensed  plumber makes. Using plumber’s assistants is therefore  a very cost-effective strategy that has enabled DrainFlow  to easily undercut the competition when it comes to  price. Order processors make even less than assistants  but about the same as billing processors. All work is very  specialised, but employees are often dependent on another  job category to perform at their most efficient  level. Like most plumbing companies, DrainFlow gets  business mostly from the Yellow Pages and the Internet.Customers either call in to describe a plumbing problem  or submit an online request for plumbing services,  receiving a return call with information within 24 hours. In either case, DrainFlow’s order processors listen to the  customer’s description of the problem to determine  whether a plumber or a plumber’s assistant should  make the service call. The job is then assigned accordingly,  and a service provider goes to the location. When  the job has been completed, via mobile phone, a billing representative  relays the fee to SHR034-6, 12-13 he service rep, who presents  a bill to the customer for payment. Billing representatives  can take customers’ credit card payments by phone  or e-mail an invoice for online payment. The Problem Although specialisation does cut costs significantly, Leigh  is worried about customer dissatisfaction. According to  her survey, about 25 percent of customer contactsà ‚  ended in no service call because customers were confused  by the diagnostic questions the order processors  asked and because the order processors did not have  sufficient knowledge or skill to explain the situation.That means fully one in four people who call DrainFlow  to hire a plumber are worse than dissatisfied: they  are not customers at all! The remaining 75 percent of calls that did end in a customer service encounter resulted  in other problems. The most frequent complaints Leigh found in the customer  surveys were about response time and cost, especially  when the wrong person was sent to a job. A  plumber’s assistant cannot complete a more technically  complicated job. The appointment has to be rescheduled,  and the customer’s time and the staff’s time have  been wasted.The resulting delay often caused customers  in these situations to decline further contact  with DrainFlow—many of them decided to go with  Ligh tning Plumber. â€Å"When I arrive at a job I can’t take care of,† says  plumber’s assistant Jim Larson, â€Å"the customer gets  annoyed. They thought they were getting a licensed  plumber, since they were calling for a plumber. Telling  them they have to have someone else come out doesn’t  go over well. †Ã‚   On the other hand, when a plumber responds to a  job easily handled by a plumber’s assistant, the customer  is still charged at the plumber’s higher pay rate.Licensed plumber Luis Berger also does not like being in  the position of giving customers bad news. â€Å"If I get  called out to do something like snake a drain, the customer  isn’t expecting a hefty bill. I’m caught in a difficult situation—I don’t set the rates or make the  appointments, but I’m the one who gets it from the customer. †Ã‚  Plumbers also resent being sent to do such simple  work. Obi Ani i s one of DrainFlow’s order processors. She is frustrated too when the wrong person is sent  to a job but feels she and the other order processors are  doing the best they can. We have a survey we’re supposed  to follow with the calls to find out what the problem  is and who needs to take the job,† she explains. â€Å"The  customers don’t know that we have a standard form, so  they think we can answer all their questions. Most of us  don’t know any more about plumbing than the caller. If  they don’t use the terms on the survey, we don’t understand  what they’re talking about. A plumber would, but  we’re not plumbers; we just take the calls. † Customer service issues also involve the billing representatives. They are the ones who have to keep contacting  customers about payment. It’s not my fault the  wrong guy was sent,† says Elisabeth King. â€Å"If two guys  went out, thatâ €™s two trips. If a plumber did the work, you  pay plumber rates. Some of these customers don’t get  that I didn’t take their first call, and so I get yelled at. †Ã‚  The billing representatives also complain that they see  only the tail end of the process, so they don’t know what  the original call entailed. The job is fairly impersonal,  and much of the work is recording customer complaints. Remember—40 percent of customers are not satisfied,  and it is the billing representatives who take the  brunt of their negative reactions on the phone.As you can probably tell, all employees have to engage  in emotional labour, as described in your textbook,  and many lack the skills or personality traits to complete  the customer interaction component of their jobs. They  are not trained to provide customer service, and they see  their work mostly in technical, or mechanical, terms. Quite a few are actually anxious about speaking directly  with customers. The office staff (order processors and  billing representatives) realise customer service is part  of their job, but they also find dealing with negative  feedback from customers and co-workers stressful.Two years ago, a management consulting  company was hired to survey DrainFlow worker attitudes. The results showed they were less satisfied than  workers in other comparable jobs. The following table  provides a breakdown of respondent satisfaction levels  across a number of categories:  Ã‚  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 DrainFlow Plumbers DrainFlow Plumber Assistants DrainFlow Office Workers Average Plumber Average Office Worker I am satisfied with the work I am asked to do. 3. 7 2. 5 2. 5 4. 3 3. 5 I am satisfied with my working conditions. 3. 8 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 I am satisfied with my interactions with o-workers. 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 3. 8 3. 9 I am satisfied with my interactions with my supervisor 2. 5 2. 3 2. 2 3. 5 3. 4 The information about avera ge plumbers and average  office workers is taken from the management consulting  company’s records of other companies. They  are not exactly surprising, given some of the complaints DrainFlow employees have made. Top management is  worried about these results, but they have not been able  to formulate a solution. The traditional DrainFlow culture  has been focused on cost containment, and the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"soft areas† like employee satisfaction has not been a major  issue.The Proposed Solution The company is in trouble, and as revenues shrink and  the cost savings that were supposed to be achieved by  dividing up work fail to materialise, a change seems to  be in order. Leigh is proposing using cash rewards to improve performance  among employees. She thinks if employees  were paid based on work outcomes, they would work harder  to satisfy customers. Because it is not easy to measure  how satisfied people are with the initial call-in, Leigh  wo uld like to give the order processors a small reward  for every 20 calls successfully completed.For the hands-on  work, she would like to have each billing representative  collect information about customer satisfaction for each  completed call. If no complaints are made and the job  is handled promptly, a moderate cash reward would be  given to the plumber or plumber’s assistant. If the customer  indicates real satisfaction with the service, a  larger cash reward would be provided. Leigh also wants to find people who are a better fit with  the company’s new goals. Current hiring procedure relies  on unstructured interviews with each location’s general manager, and little consistency is found in the way  these managers choose employees.Most lack training in  customer service and organisational behaviour. Leigh thinks  it would be better if hiring methods were standardised  across all branches in her region to help managers identify  recruits who can actually succeed in the job. Your Assignment Your task is to prepare a persuasive report for Leigh on the potential  effectiveness of her cash reward and structured interview  programmes. Make certain it is in the form of a  professional business document that you would give  to an experienced manager at this level of a fairly large  corporation.Leigh is very smart when it comes to managing  finances and running a plumbing business, but she  will not necessarily know about the organisational behaviour  principles you are describing. As any new  proposals must be passed through top management,  you should also address their concerns about cost containment. You will need to make a strong evidence-based  financial case that changing the management style will  benefit the company. When you write, make sure you touch on the following  points:  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 1.Although it is clear employees are not especially satisfied  with their wor k, do you think this is a reason  for concern? Does research suggest satisfied workers  are actually better at their jobs? Are any other behavioural  outcomes associated with job satisfaction? 2. Using job characteristics theory, explain why the  present system of job design may be contributing to  employee dissatisfaction. Describe some ways you  could help employees feel more satisfied with their  work by redesigning their jobs. 3. Leigh has a somewhat vague idea about how to implement  the cash rewards system.Describe some of the  specific ways you would make the reward system  work better, based on the case. 4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using  financial incentives in a program of this nature. What, if any, potential problems might arise if people  are given money for achieving customer satisfaction  goals? What other types of incentives might  be considered? 5. Create a specific plan to assess whether the reward  system is working. What are the dependent variables  that should change if the system works? How will  you go about measuring success?

Sample Short Answer Essay for a College Application

Sample Short Answer Essay for a College Application The Common Application no longer requires a short answer essay from all applicants, but many colleges continue to include the short answer as part of a supplement. The short answer essay prompt typically states something like this: Briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. Colleges like this type of question because it gives their applicants the opportunity to identify an activity that is meaningful to them and to explain why it is meaningful. This information can be useful to colleges with holistic admissions as they try to identify students who will bring interesting skills and passions to the campus community. Sample Short Answer Essay Christie wrote the following sample short answer essay to elaborate upon her love of running: It is the simplest of movements: right foot, left foot, right foot. It is the simplest of actions: run, relax, breathe. For me, running is both the most basic and the most complex activity I perform in any day. While my body adjusts to the challenges of gravel paths and steep inclines, my mind is free to drift, to sift through whatever needs sorting or disposing- the upcoming days tasks, an argument with a friend, some nagging stress. As my calf muscles loosen and my breathing settles into its deep rhythm, I am able to release that stress, forget that argument, and set my mind in order. And at the midway point, two miles into the course, I stop at the hilltop vista overlooking my little town and the surrounding woodlands. For just a moment, I stop to listen to my own strong heartbeat. Then I run again. Critique of the Short Answer Essay The author has focused on a personal activity, running, not any history-making achievement, team triumph, world-changing social work, or even a formal extracurricular activity. As such, the short answer essay does not highlight any kind of remarkable accomplishment or personal talent. But think about what this short answer essay does reveal- the author is someone who can find pleasure in the simplest of activities. She is someone who has found an effective way for dealing with stress and finding peace and equilibrium in her life. She reveals that she is in tune with her self and her small town environment. This one little paragraph gives us the impression that the author is a thoughtful, sensitive, and healthy person. In a short space, the essay reveals the maturity of the writer- she is reflective, articulate, and balanced. These are all dimensions of her character that will not come across in her lists of grades, test scores, and extracurricular activities. They are also personal qualities that will be attractive to a college. The writing is also solid. The prose is tight, clear, and stylistic without being over-written. The length is a perfect  823 characters and 148 words. This is a typical length limit for a short-answer essay. That said, if your college is asking for just 100 words or something longer, be sure to follow their instructions carefully. Role of Essays and Your College Application Keep in mind the role of any essays, even short ones, that you submit with your college application. You want to present a dimension of yourself that isnt readily apparent elsewhere in your application materials. Reveal some hidden interest, passion, or struggle that will give the admissions folks a more detailed portrait of yourself. The college has asked for a short essay because it has holistic admissions; in other words, the school tries to evaluate the whole applicant through both quantitative (grades, test scores, rank) and qualitative (essays, interview, extracurricular activities). A short answer essay gives the college a useful window into the applicants interests. Christie succeeds on this front. For both the writing and the content, she has written a winning short answer essay. You may want to explore another example of a  good short answer on working at Burger King  as well as learn lessons from a  weak short answer on soccer  and a  weak short answer on entrepreneurship. In general, if you follow the advice on writing a winning short answer and avoid common short answer mistakes, your essay will strengthen your application and help make you an attractive candidate for admission.

0610 BIOLOGY Essays (1277 words) - Secondary Education In England

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2007 question paper 0610 BIOLOGY 0610/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2007 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 1 (a) (i) leaf B has parallel veins/veins not branched; [1] (ii) organism D has body divided into segments/rings/OWTTE; [1] (iii) organism E has four pairs of/eight legs/limbs ; I - ref to cephalothorax (erroneous) [1] (iv) organism G has more than 4 pairs of legs/limbs/non-identical/varied legs/limbs/2 regions to body/cephalothorax and abdomen; I refs to exoskeleton [1] N.B. No letter given no mark (b) show division of 50/5; (magnification) x10/times 10; R 10mm If no working then 2 marks for correct magnification If wrong working can gain 1 mark for correct magnification I ratios [2] [Total: 6] 2 (a) A = sepal/calyx; B = anther/stamen; Accept androecium [2] (b) to receive/trap pollen/OWTTE; Accept ref to male gamete [1] (c) 1 no nectary (in wind pollinated flower); 2 smaller/less obvious petals (in wind pollinated flower); 3 stamens outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 4 stigma/style outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 5 feathery stigma (in wind pollinated flower); any two 1 mark each [2] (d) process flowering plant human fertilisation germination implantation pollination sexual intercourse Each vertical column correct 1 mark each [2] I crosses in other boxes Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 (e) (i) 1 dispersed by animals/mammals/birds/named examples; R insects 2 red outer coat attracts them; 3 flesh encourages them to eat fruit; 4 seeds hard coats allow it to avoid digestion/discourage swallowing; 5 dispersal in faeces/dropped while removing flesh; any three 1 mark each [3] (ii) 1 moisture/water/OWTTE; 2 with minerals/named mineral; 3 warm conditions/suitable/optimum temperature; 4 in light/not shaded area; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 13] 3 (a) continuous (variation); [1] (b) (i) plotted as four bars, all clearly identified (beneath or on bar); accurate plotting (+/ half a square); [2] (ii) genes/alleles/genotype/DNA/OWTTE; [1] (c) (i) a change/alteration in a gene/allele/DNA/chromosome/chromosome number; [1] (ii) chemical/named example/cigarette tar; (gamma/beta/alpha/ionising) radiation; X rays; UV light; any two 1 mark each [2] [Total: 7] Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 4 (a) (i) F; [1] (ii) E; [1] (iii) no tropical forest left/all destroyed; [1] (iv) D; [1] (b) (i) bacteria/fungi; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide; minerals/named mineral salt/ion; I nutrients R nitrogen (gas) [2] (c) 1 crops take/use mineral salts from soil; 2 crop removed from land; 3 soil becomes infertile/low in mineral salts; 4 crop yield drops to worthless levels; 5 no fresh/replacement of humus/no recycling of materials; 6 crumb structure lost; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) carbon compounds in animals; [1] (ii) C; D; E; any two 1 mark each [2] (iii) B; [1] (iv) A; [1] (b) (i) arrow labelled P parallel to C but in opposite direction/ linking boxes from air to plants around outside of diagram; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide + water; = glucose/(simple) sugar/starch + oxygen; [2] I ref to water on product side A correct formula as substitute for word no need for equation to be balanced [Total: 8] Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 6 (a) A; D; E; [3] I named parts (b) root hair cell 1 long extension/description to cell; 2 increase surface area (for absorption); 3 no chloroplasts/chlorophyll; 4 underground/hidden from light; [4] I - ref to photosynthesis

Global MBA Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global MBA Operations Management - Essay Example (Hammer). The obvious reason for such failure has often been cited as the lack of developing operating performance metrices and other systems and procedures which can ensure the consistent and reliable operational performance of the firms. It is also because of this reason that it is now considered that the modern organisations need to concentrate more on the operational performance of the firms in order to remain more competitive as well as flexible in nature so that they can easily withstand the external shocks. In order to achieve the efficiency in the operational performance, firms need to concentrate on different functions of organisation like marketing, customer services, manufacturing etc. This will allow them to re-engineer the processes properly and achieve the desired level of efficiency in their operations. However, improvements in the operational performance largely depend upon the development of an effective operating performance measurement system therefore any initiative to bring in a culutre of performance improvement would largely depend upon how successfully an organisation set up its performance measurement system. This paper will attempt to discuss the development of performance measurement system by taking into account the nature of the ... From its very nature, the activities of the firm are diverse in nature therefore it requires the management of different internal and external players in different contexts each time we deal with them. It is also important to discuss here that we face a different and complex challenge in terms of managing different aspects of our operations into a completely new and radical way in order to ensure consistency in our operations. However, in order to face the competition effectively and to become more resilient and flexible, we need to implement operational performance standards which match that of the international quality standards such as ISO 9001:2000. This would also require us to improve different aspects such as resource management, business development, and client delivery etc. We also need to manage subcontractors therefore it becomes more complicated when it comes to managing the performance of the firms, working for your organization to ensure compliance with the already set standards of the firm. Performance Management & Measurement It is often argued that the use of automation and information technology to boost the results and operational performance of the firms has not yet yielded the results which were expected. (Hammer). It is therefore believed that the firms do not only need to automate but also take into account the softer side of the operational performance in order to achieve the desired results. One of the basic problems behind the failure of the organizations to effectively measure the operational performance is the fact that the existing systems tend to measure the performance of personnel rather than processes thus ignoring various aspects of performance management. (Hammer, The 7 deadly sins of performance